How Indonesia’s mangroves, some of which grow to 50 metres in height, store 3.14 billion tonnes of carbon…one-third of the carbon stored in Earth’s coastal ecosystems.. ..threat…last 30 years, 40% of these coastal forests have gone, and annual rate of loss now about 52,000 hectares…current rate of destruction means 190 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent (CO2e) emitted annually…42% of world’s annual emissions from the destruction of coastal ecosystem services − marshes, mangroves and sea grasses…within mangrove forest, channels become shallower through organic matter, from trees and sediment trapping (caused by mangroves), and sea bed begins to rise…modelling sea level rise, ability of mangrove forest to create a buffer between sea and land occurs even when the area is subjected to potential sea level rises of up to 0.5mm per year.

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